Present Perfect Passive
Passive Use:
The same as mentioned before with the other passive verb forms, we use the passive form when the focus is on the object of the phrase and not the subject. It is often used in journalistic English, when we do not know who caused the action or it isn’t important. Transforming this verb into the passive voice, is relatively easy. So in the passive form we add an extra particle to obtain this form. Therefore we transform as follows:
Active: bad driving has caused many accidents.
Passive: many accidents have been caused by bad driving.
According to the tense we are using we change the auxiliary of the verb to be and in this case we add HAVE because it is a perfect tense. Ex: Accidents have + been caused by bad driving. Present Perfect. Note important! remember to transform the third person singular: have/has.
Form
Auxiliary of the verb have to have/has + been + past participle.
Affirmative form
| Active form | Passive form |
|---|---|
| I have cleaned the house every day. | The house has been cleaned by me every day. |
| Triumph has made motorcycles. | Motorcycles have been made by Triumph. |
Negative form
| Active form | Passive form |
|---|---|
| I haven’t cleaned the house every day. | The house hasn’t been cleaned by me every day. |
| Triumph hasn’t made motorcycles. | Motorcycles haven’t been made by Triumph. |
Interrogative form
| Active form | Passive form |
|---|---|
| Have you cleaned the house every day? | Has the house been cleaned by you every day? |
| Has Triumph made motorcycles? | Have motorcycles been made by Triumph? |
Note important! We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence.